Physics behind Sri Ramakrishna’s saying

Physics behind Sri Ramakrishna’s saying

In our life we begin from a confined or localized state and constantly look for liberation to attain a delocalized state. We all pass through three stages of confinement including attachment (which holds us stable), work (which induces us to a movement) and a strong attraction or repulsion (which creates resistance to the motion). All three stages are equally important for our stability as a combination of Sat-Chit-Ananda or Satchidananda. It creates a bound state like a vortex. By overcoming this bound state we reach an unbound or delocalized state. This is like a very quiet and blissful situation free from perturbation. Sri Ramakrishna Paramhansa explained this in the following text before modern science began.

Sri Ramakrishna was born in 1936 in a remote village and did not receive any formal training from school. In the same time period famous scientists including Lord Kelvin, Lord Raleigh, Ludwig Boltzmann and philosophers like Mark Twain, Leo Tolstoy, and Friedrich Nietzsche were born. James Clark Maxwell started publishing laws of electromagnetic fields showing the equivalence of electric and magnetic fields in 1860. In 1905, in his special theory of relativity Albert Einstein showed mass-energy equivalence. Quantum mechanics was developing in late ’20s and quantum tunneling was proposed in early ‘30s. Condensed m

atter physics started in ‘50s together with quantum theory of fields where dualism was introduced through the proposal of spontaneous symmetry breaking. However, dualism as well as non-dualism was accepted long before the development of modern science. Sri Ramakrishna often explained the equivalence of the source of energy and its effect and described the nature of God. I find a remarkable similarity between his sayings and the modern scientific concepts that was developed after his death in 1886 that is also followed today.

He says that one has to break the bonds at least twice so that this dissolution will be propagated like a chain reaction. The liberation is possible by a duality transformation which can be achieved through a mechanism called quantum tunneling. He explained the tunneling process as an observer through the superposition of states. Through the tunneling process we reach a macroscopic condensed state or a ground state from a localized or a vortex state.

This work is divided into three chapters highlighting

i) Understanding dualism and non-dualism to explain quantum tunneling

ii) Quantum spin liquid to vortex structure

iii) Condensed states.

In each section we bring a comparative study of ancient philosophy as Sri Ramakrishna said and modern concept in condensed matter physics. All these topics are entangled since dualism is believed to play as a force which transforms spin liquids into vortex structures. We try to unify these ideas as a general interpretation and show the application of the concept not only to interpret the newly experimentally observed transitions in novel superconducting materials.

Dualism and non-dualism:

According to ancient scriptures, initially all elements or states were entangled in a maximally chaotic state within a minimum volume. This is a state which can be completely filled and is absolutely static without any movement which is the core of a vortex. Due to entanglement, we cannot see different elements hidden in the small sphere which is called ‘Bramhanda’. ‘‘Purusha’’ and ‘Mula Prakriti (Adyasakti or the primordial energy)’ are not manifested which live in the state of the highest level of energy and therefore can b

e massive. The outer layers with less energy may be manifested since they are always moving away from the core. We see light emitted from outer layers only unlike from the core of ‘Bramhanda’ unless it gets unfolded through a duality transformation. So we need to separate the energy or frequency scale by a duality transformation. In this way a static world can be transformed into a dynamic one.

Amongst all forms of dualism concepts used in physics, electric-magnetic duality is the most famous one where electric and magnetic fields(B) are related to the symmetry through the Faraday-Maxwell equations. The symmetry is known as duality which still holds in the presence of charge and currents in quantum field theory. To find such symmetry between electric and magnetic charges was difficult. Later Montonen and Olive found a symmetry that would exchange electric and magnetic charges must exchange the quantum of electric charge with a multiple of the quantum of magnetic charge.

Dualism theory can be tested through the experimental observation of quantum phase transitions in condensed states in superconducting materials which shows vortices. In condensed matter physics a flux-charge model is proposed from the dualistic view of the world like the particle-wave duality in quantum mechanics. Rotation of a charged particle can be described as a (magnetic) flux however it involves a mediator such as an attractive force to hold two completely opposite items together. However, the state of equilibrium can be destabilized due to a repulsive force and a vortex-like helical structure can be formed. The condensate again starts to regain the equilibrium through the formation of an anti-vortex.

This model was applied to condensed matter as vortex-boson duality. Vortex-antivortex interactions were shown through the Kosterlitz-Thoules transition in 1+1 dimensions however this is not firmly established in 3+1 or higher dimensions (2+1d is still being developed). It is generally suggested that a vortex interacts with an anti-vortex via a spin-wave fluctuation in a superfluid. The vortices act as sources and sinks of supercurrents and therefore supercurrents are no longer in the vortex condensate. Models claiming charge-vortex duality based on statistics Transmutation of electrons involving binding of electrons to magnetic fluxes or vortices was suggested in the frame of ‘anyon’ superconductivity. A formal duality transformation between particles and vortices forms a 2D Bose system might explain high-temperature superconductivity.

Ramakrishna explains: non-dualism

“According to this theory, Brahman or the Absolute, is qualified by the universe and its living beings. These three, Brahman, the world, and living beings, together constitute One. Take the instance of a pumpkin. A man wanted to know the weight of it. You cannot get the weight by weighing only the flesh. You must weigh the flesh, the shell, and the seeds together. At first, it appears the important thing is the flesh not its seeds or shell.”

“Brahman is not the Universe it is not the living beings … Then one realizes as with the pumpkin that the Reality from which we derive the notion of Brahman is the very Reality that evolves the idea of living beings and the universe. The absolute and manifestation are two aspects of one and the same Reality. Brahman is qualified by the universe and living beings. This is the theory of qualified non-dualism.”

“Without strength, only Shiva does not work. For example, there is no formation only in the soil, we want water but there is formation.”

"No one can say what (material) Sachchidananda is. So, he was the first - Ardhanarishvara! Why? - No, show that I am both male and nature. Then there will be one more stay, different men and different natures.”

“There is nothing but man and nature."

“He who is Shyama is Brahma. Brahma Shakti - Shakti Brahma. Unification. Sachchidanandamay and Sachchidanandamayi.”

“Whoever is Brahman is the omnipotent. A king said that I have to give wisdom in one word. The yogi said, ‘Well, you will get knowledge in one word.’ After a while, a magician suddenly appeared before the king. When he sees the king, he comes and turns only two fingers, and says - 'King, look at this.' The king is looking surprised. After a while, two fingers became a finger! The magician twists a finger and says - ‘King, look at this; King, look at this. ’That is, Brahman and Adyashakti (the primordial energy) are the first two senses. But if there is theology, there are no more two. Unification. One! That one doesn't have two! Advaitam."

Quantum Tunneling:

In tunnelling process mind is tunneling through the potential barrier (knowledge) and produces life. When a particle like the mind reaches the barrier it creates an antiparticle inside the barrier and they start interacting since on the other side of the barrier the same particle is formed as an image of the original particle. This particle and antiparticle interfere and produce an interference spectrum as observed in the tunnel spectra. This is like an inactive barrier of spinon on the condensate and the superfluid is supposed to overcome the resistance of the spinon by the field produced by the vortex. The body of spin bath is divided to pass through the tunnel current. In practice by applying a potential across the potential barrier (V) it is broken into V1V2V3… so that V=V1+V2+V3+V4 … As the current can pass through diff V1V2 etc. they unite on the other side of the barrier and recombine. So the incident wavefunction of the total potential barrier is divided in the process. Now the wave can change its phase in the barrier. This is like a flip of spin or self-spin.

Mechanism or principle of tunneling includes:

(i) no return of particle

(ii) the particle can cease to exist if the tunneling does not work

(iii) the particle does not hesitate to tunnel. It is free from fear.

(iv) it can face uncertainty

(v) it makes the maximum effort before jumping

(vi) the probability of success must be maximize i.e. it will take a minimum time to tunnel

(vii) tunneling is the equivalent to the death of the original particle

(viii) only the maximum amount of energy is transferred

(ix) the energy gap is filled with sound or waves that carry the energy.

Ramakrishna explains: Quantum Tunneling

Although the incarnation is expressed as a human being, his association with the unexpressed remains uninterrupted, he says: “The incarnations are God. They are wandering in empty space. They are never bound in the world - they are not confined. Their ‘I’ is not a thick ‘I’, - like worldly people. The arrogance of the worldly people, the ‘I’ of the worldly people - like a wall around, a roof over the head, - nothing can be seen outside. The ‘I’ of the incarnations is the thin ‘I’.

God is always seen through this ‘I’. Like a man standing on one side of the wall, - Infinite field on both sides of the wall. If there is a hole on that wall, everything can be seen on the other side of the wall. Transmission in forward and reverse direction takes place through the big hole. The ‘I’ of the incarnations looks like a wall having many holes. Infinite field can be seen on this side of the wall; This means that even if they contain bodies, they are always entangled. Again, if desired, he goes to the side of the big hole and is in a state of meditation. Forward and reverse motion can be done again if the big hole is big; Even if he is meditating, he can come down again.”

Vortex state: It is simply a decoupling of a plane from space into 2 or more planes by creating imaginary space in-between. A vortex can be created by multiple reflections or retro-reflections. In this way a vortex field breaks the time reversed symmetry. It is always associated with an anti-vortex which is the dual of a vortex. A vortex separates charge from spin through creating a space at the core. In fact, it creates a funnel-like space which can be anisotropic. Initially the space was isotropic and spherical but the symmetry is broken twice; first along the core of the vortex and secondly normal to the initial split. Ultimately it is like splitting one tube into 2 and then each tube into 2 parts. These four parts maintain a ½ pi phase difference and they want to catch their neighbors or counterparts. It is like two snakes who like to bite their own tails. The process of creating and annihilating duality creates the spin.

One way is to pin the motion of a point and then the 2d motion gains an elevation. In a two-dimensional plane which is initially undisturbed vortices can be created by implementing disorder and localized states. This process works through the separation of spinless charge from a chargeless spinful system. Disorder can mix and separate charge and spin which correspond to electric and magnetic fields, respectively. Each will contribute to split the potential or phase. By the electric field a potential difference as described in Rashba spin-orbit coupling. I forgot to tell that a vortex consists of flux (orbital angular momentum) which are initially coupled to each other. The magnetic field creates a phase difference like in the Kondo effect. Kondo effect deals with a spin impurity center which is a fixed object (like the axle of wheels) which does not rotate which the conduction electrons try to rotate the Kondo spin through scattering. Kondo resonance described a pi phase change. Kondo creates a bound state which induces a spin-orbit coupling. Also disorder produces potential fluctuations that can produce a Rashba-like field. A combined effect of electric and magnetic field which split the order parameter or the gap and creates a double superposition of states. It will look like 4 split components forming orbitals which are separated with a phase difference of ½ pi. Also, they belong to different planes like a screw which has a helicity. This model can describe the rotation which passes through an apex allowing a pi phase transition into an anti-vortex state. Since one vortex-antivortex is not very stable, another antivortex-vortex is necessary. Coupling of these two vortex-antivortex units through a field line will make a stable structure. This is the basis of High Tc superconductivity.

Ramakrishna explains: Vortex state

"I told Keshab Sen that ... there are small holes in the ground; They are called Ghuti. Fish and crabs are frozen inside the cocoon. If you want to find fish and crabs, you have to look inside that box; To find God is to look inside the incarnation. “Jagatmata is manifested inside those fourteen-poop people. There are songs –